Protective Investigations with Judges Identified as Targets
The U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) identifies, assesses through investigation and analysis, mitigates, and manages all threats and activities of concern. Threats and activities of concern include communications, contacts, and behaviors that pose a potential danger to USMS-protected persons and facilities.
Total Investigations - All protective investigations entered and worked during an FY. Multiple individuals may be named as threatened on one investigation.
Total Threats to Judges - The total number of non-unique threats to federal judges recorded during a particular FY’s protective investigations. One judge may be noted as a threatened person multiple times on distinct investigations.
Unique Judges - The distinct count of judges who were identified as threatened on protective investigations during the FY in question. For example, in FY 2025, 364 different judges out of approximately 2,500 active judges have been named as threatened on a protective investigation.
| Protective Investigations, Federal Judges Threatened (FY 2022 - FY 2025)* | |||
| FY | Total Investigations | Total Threats to Judges | Unique Judges |
| 2022 | 1,362 | 403 | 302 |
| 2023 | 1,060 | 630 | 455 |
| 2024 | 822 | 509 | 379 |
| 2025* | 731 | 513 | 364 |
*Data through 9/2/2025